1. There is no reason in the world for one religion to comment on another religion. That's bullying, not spirituality. This is a general statement of importance, but I'll answer anyway.

2. On b) the Noahide law requires all to live under a system of justice. It doesn't require that it be a "Jewish" one. Even under the Russia Czars with their less than sane judicial system, the Jewish communities used to form "societies". Officially they were for various topics like weaving, but they were used as a judicial system where Rabbis hear situations & rendered decisions. It avoided the horrors of the Czar's setup.

3) Rabbis took statements from Torah & Talmud's oral Torah & interpret them. The verses can be vague, contradictory & need clarification. So to say the Rabbis decided, not scripture, is to misunderstand their role. Also it's to misunderstand how Jews read scripture as an analytical process. Non-Jews aren't taught this process about Judaism & think our Rabbis have the same roles their ministers & priests do of interpreting things FOR you. Instead, the Rabbi's processes are written down — hence the Talmud — for all to see & continue to evaluate. So if we trust that the Rabbis saw a certain way to interpret Torah to conclude that sacrifices are no longer appropriate,…others have studied that & it is accepted because it's been analyzed to death already.

Which leads to the next problem in answering your question. I haven't read & analyzed all the commentary myself, so I don't know. If an area interests me, then I read up on it. However, it takes pages & a long time to do anything correctly. I'll star it & maybe someone who has will come along.

This leads back to the original point. It's not okay to judge other religions. It gets even worse when judging them without understanding the tools they use or how they work. Unfortunately Christianity tends to teach about Judaism without understanding or teaching the very basics of Jewish process.

I understand the intent of your question was just to ask about some scriptures. But it was also to comment on whether Jews should be doing something once you have the information. We're happy. So, it's not anyone else's business, unless we're hurting someone.

Side note: Rabbi was a later term. Many of those referenced in Talmud are called sages (or nothing in particular), not Rabbis.

I do know prayer was decided as an ample substitute. This site may have more http://www.whatjewsbelieve.org.

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You are getting answers. You're just choosing to discard them. And those "other" topics ARE the topic. You really do need to listen to our requests to understand us & respect us. Anything less is unkind when someone asks you to listen to their concerns about attitude toward them or misunderstanding of them.

On the Torah law (& please stop calling it the laws of Moses. In Jewish religion, God gave the law. It's not Moses's. We use that term but your overusing & using it incorrectly I've noticed over time.) As explained the requirement for a court system (hence the use of judges) is from what's called the Noahide laws. There's a website I think http://www.noahide.org but also there's a link about them from the site Kismet & I provided. They are from the time of Noah, not Moses. So the answer to your question was:
1. It wasn't the Moses law (God's law from Mt. Sinai) to require a court system. The law didn't require judges but rather required a COURT system (ie. a method for justice, not judges per se).
2. Jews are still following it. Have you noticed any Jews living someplace without a court system? So your request for a statement of exception makes no sense. I hope that helps clarify.

Again, Rabbis don't make up things. They clarify interpretation & do it in writing so others can verify for themselves. It's rather like mathematics. Mathematicians don't "make up things" even then they are newly derived from prior work. Other mathematicians can read & decide for themselves if the logic makes sense & decide that it is a continuation of the SAME math theory that already exists. They don't invent new laws, but use the SAME laws & process to derive new applications.

Please try to understand rather then insisting on fitting Judaism into your picture of Judaism. Your questions themselves are based on false inputs, so your not getting answers because your ARE getting answers. You're just rejecting them because your not reading them & understanding them. If you do have follow up questions — based on including the concepts in these answers — please by all means do ask.

I don't mean to sound harsh or anything, but I thought I explained all this the first time. Also, I've seen your disrespect for Judaism. I see now that it's based on not accepting that it doesn't look like what you've learned someplace. Really, it's not as illogical as you've been lead to believe. We aren't being "told" something by Rabbis. We ourselves study our own scriptures. Rabbis just do more of it but THEY DON'T tell us what to think. Totally different than most religions that way!!!! Pretty cool too that it's so .

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Gershon
That explains it. He's been running after Jewish questions, trying to disprove that Jews are still Jews & it's some European invented religion, i.e a purely political agenda & attack on Israel. That gets bizarre since we regularly reference works written way back (Talmud) & by sages from centuries after NOT in Europe such as Maimonides (who lived in Alexandria under Muslim rule.) I guess he hasn't looked & seen that for any topic, the trail of references goes ALL the way back.

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As for using my comments in your own sites. Don't. I would you not to, neither with nor without my name.